1.
Effects Of Mannanoligosaccharides Feeding On Selected Mineral Profile In Post-Weaned Goat Kids
by Tasneem Kausar (2014-VA-556) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Minerals play a pivotal role in kids’ growth and development. Minerals deficiency in young age has lifelong consequences. It is necessary to maintain adequate level of minerals in kids body to match their requirements. This can be achieved either by supplementing diet with minerals or by enhancing their absorption. Mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation can enhance minerals concentration in liver, muscles, blood and kidney by enhancing their absorption in gastrointestinal tract.
Ten healthy goat kids were selected for study purpose to evaluate effects of prebiotics supplementation on minerals profile of serum, liver, muscles and kidneys. These kids were divided into 2 groups. One group (control group) was on normal basal diet other the experimental group was fed with diet supplemented with 1 g mannan-oligosaccharides. The kids were slaughtered on day 75 and sampling was done. Clear non hemolysed sera were separated for serum mineral analysis. Samples from liver muscles and kidneys cut into small pieces and dried. Wet digestion of samples done and upto 50 ml of solution of each sample was made for spectrophotometry. Calcium levels are analyzed by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to evaluate levels of copper, zinc and iron.
Results obtained are statistically analyzed by applying students-t test and presented as mean ± SE and considered significant at P < 0.05. The results of the study, to evaluate the relationship between mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation and minerals absorption, were not significant. MOS has not any significant effects on minerals profile in goat kids.
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2.
Effects Of Short Term Anti-Stressor Feeding On Bone Characteristics And Tissues Minerals In Heat Stressedbroilers
by Vishal Sharoon (2013-VA-567) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Saif-Ur-Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Broiler chicken is the fastest growing meat type nowadays. Increased broiler’s growth rate increases their body heat production. When the body becomes overheated, a condition of heat stress exist which results in decreased growth rate primarily due to reduced feed intake (Hurwitz et al. 1980). Heat stress in birds cause suffering that leads to death and to reduce this problem of heat stress, heat production needs to be reduced, which can be done by evaporative heat loss through respiratory tract. Many other techniques have been developed to alleviate heat stress like upgrading the house padding (Nilipour 2000; Yahavet al. 2004), setting upcooling systemssuch as evaporative cooling (Donald 2000), reducing bird density, providing cool drinking water, and feeding birds during the cooler times of the day like in the morning hours or when the sun sets (Lott 1991; Yahav and Hurwitz 1996).
Minerals are essential for the naturalfunctioning of the body. Manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, and phosphorus are a few minerals that are important for the growth and development of bone (Watkins and Seifert 1997). Heat stress increases mineral excretion because digestibility is affected intestinal motility is increased (Smith 1987). El-Husseiny and Creger (1981) reported that heat stress decreases rates of calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium and zinc preservations in broilers. Similarly, Sahin et al. (2006) found that heat stress decreases tibial ash, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in quails. It also decreases length and widths of tibia, and promotes mineralization which in turn reduces bone strength of broilers (Vakili et al. 2010).
Heat stress also has negative effects on concentrations of potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, and zinc in serum. Their reduction is reported under heat stress conditions in broilers (Belay and Teeter 1996).Heat stress has also shown decreased iron, and chromium concentrations in serum. Heat stress also effects liver minerals and has shown reduction in the liver concentrations of iron, zinc, and chromium (Sahin et al. 2001).
As it is quite expensive to keep animal buildings cool, different methods of dietary manipulation are mostly considered. During heat stress, synthesis of vitamin C, E, zinc and chromium is decreased. So poultry diet is supplemented with these minerals due to their anti-stress effects (Sahin and Kucuk 2001). Melatonin supplementation also restores the decreased concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, in serum induced by heat stress (Sahin et al. 2004). Genistein supplementation is also helpful in increasing apparent nutrientdigestibility and bone mineralization. The reduced amount of minerals is excreted out of the body whereas the mineral concentration in tibia ash increases (Sahin et al. 2006). A supplemented dietincluding chromium at 1200 ppb can lessen the detrimental effects of heat stressed broiler. Feed intake, body weight and improved feed effectivenessincreases as a result of increased chromium supplement (Sahin et al. 2002). Another dietary practice to reduce heat stress of broiler is to supplement poultry feed or drinking water with various electrolytes which will increase their water intake. Addition of Dietary fibre in feed also has beneficial effects on broilers (Lee 1994). ASI supplementation (ASI; Arg =49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) considerably enhanced bone mineralization in quails and had no effect on weight gained, feed effectiveness and feed consumed (Sahin et al. 2006).During heat stress, KCl at level of 1.5% and NaHCO3 at level of 0.5%, improvedweight gain, and significantly increased serum potassium and bicarbonate level during heat stress. The results showed that combination of KCl and NaHCO3 supplementation decreased the negative effects of heat stress (Naseem et al. 2005).
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3.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Mineral Profile And Bone Health Of Broilers
by Sidrah Shafique (2013-VA-845) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Background: Zn is an essential mineral of biological importance and in the past processed and unprocessed forms of Zn was used with uncertain composition. Zn is very important from nutritional point of view and is often supplemented in poultry diet. Zn promotes the growth, skeletal development, mineral retention, Zn concentration in tissues, production of neutropphils and antibodies and it improves the functions of macrophages. Zn deficiency causes reduction in weight gain, skeletal malformations, poor bone mineralization and immunological dysfunctions. ZnO nanoparticles (ZONP) are mostly used due to its advantages over conventional forms. Current study is aimed to evaluate the effects of ZONP on serum minerals profile, tibial bone minerals profile and bone health in broilers.
Hypothesis: ZONP may enhance bone health and serum minerals in broiler.
Methodology: The study included 120 day-old broiler chicks divided into four groups, each with 6 replicates. Group A served as control group and group B, C and D served as treatment groups supplemented with 80mg/kg ZnO, 40mg/kg ZONP and 80mg/kg ZONP respectively. At the end of 35 days, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect tibial bone samples and blood samples. The parameters reported were bone health i.e. bone weight, bone length, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index and minerals in serum and bones were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed using one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results: This study helped us to determine the bone health and minerals level of bones and serum in response to ZONP in broiler. The results showed no change in serum and bones level of Zn, Fe, K and Na in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group but serum and bones Ca level showed significant increase in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group. The results showed no significant difference in bone dry weight, wet weight, length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index of broilers supplemented with Zn compared to control group.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Zn supplementation, either ZnO or ZONP, has no effect on bones health, bone minerals and serum minerals. However, Ca level of bones and serum was increased by Zn (either ZnO or ZONP)
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4.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Bisphenola On Serum Minrals And Bone Health In Rats
by Suliman (2014-VA-494) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behaviour of organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as beverage, food can lining, dental sealants and thermal paper and water pipes. BPA binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. BPA have negative effectson bone health and serum minerals in rats.
A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: BPA 1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: BPA 0.1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and serum minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis.Data wasanalysed using two ways ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with BPA 0.1mg/kg and 1mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments.Serum calcium was significantly higher in mal rates treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control; whereas it decreased significantly in female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with BPA 1mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control.
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5.
Efects Of Feeding Mannanoligosaccharides On Serum Minerals Profile In Beetal Goats
by Zil-E-Huma (2014-VA-11) | Dr. Muhammad Shabaz Yousaf | Prof .Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saif-ur-Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The need of minerals is increased during gestation and lactation to support fetal growth and milk production respectively and prebiotics are considered to increase mineral absorption during gestation. Mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation can enhance minerals absorption during pregnancy. The study was conducted in the experimental shed of University Of Veterinary and Animal Science, Pattoki for a period of 60 days. Total of 24 pregnant goats were taken and kept under normal temperature. The pregnant goats will be divided into 3 groups. Group-I containing 8 pregnant goats served as control group and throughout the experiment basal feed was given to this group. Group-II and III served as experimental groups each containing 8 pregnant goats. In Group-II and III eight pregnant goats were given 5g and 10g manan-oligosaccharide with basal feed, respectively. Sampling was done after one week of MOS supplementation and before 2 weeks of parturition. The research data was evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This study helped to evaluate importance of prebiotics (MOS) in mineral absorption during gestation. The results of minerals concentration in pregnant goats with basal diet revealed that without supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides no significant effect on serum minerals was observed.In our study mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation significantly modulated calcium and iron serum levels rest of the minerals including copper and zinc did not showed any significant modulations in their concentrations under the effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation. The supplementation of MOS at 5g and 10g increased serum calcium concentration (P < 0.05) while the status of the group, before birth and after birth did not showed significant effect (P > 0.05) on serum calcium concentration. The supplementation of MOS at 5g and 10g increased serum iron concentration (P < 0.05) while the status of the group, before birth and after birth also showed significant effect (P < 0.05) on serum iron concentration. Zinc and copper concentration were not modulated under the effect 5g and 10g MOS supplementation (P > 0.05). The serum concentration of zinc and copper were not influenced by group status of before and after parturition (P > 0.05).
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